Desktop studies completed earlier began the process of learning about rock characteristics using available geological maps and reports. Areas that may contain suitable bodies of rock were identified based on the findings of these studies. Observing general geographical features built upon this work. Their purpose was to visually observe key geological features in study areas. These observations will helped build knowledge about the rock. They may also inform more detailed studies in the future.

The location and nature of the observations depend on the geological setting of the areas being studied, which includes crystalline rocks in northern Ontario or sedimentary rocks in southern Ontario. Field observations cover features such as bedrock type, the extent of bedrock exposure, the nature and characteristics of fractures (if any), evidence of seismic activities in the recent past, and specific features such as the occurrence of Karst (limestone dissolution in shallow rock formations) in sedimentary rocks.

NWMO staff and contractors make these observations over a period of several weeks depending on the size of the area and the number of features of interest. They travel on existing roads and trails, and may occasionally walk off these trails for short distances to explore specific features. It may be necessary to view some features from canoe or boat. The scope, locations and access for these activities are planned and conducted in collaboration with communities.